Waves can be represented in a graph using a coordinate system. The vertical axis of the graph is typically used to represent the amplitude of the wave, which is the maximum displacement of the wave from its equilibrium position. The horizontal axis is used to represent time, distance, or some other variable that is relevant to the wave being studied.
The y-axis of the graph represents the amplitude of the wave, which is the height of the wave at any given point. The x-axis represents the variable being studied, which could be time, distance, or something else depending on the type of wave.
To determine whether a wave is longitudinal or transverse by looking at a graph, it is necessary to understand the characteristics of these two types of waves.
In a longitudinal wave, the particles of the medium move parallel to the direction of the wave propagation. This creates regions of compression and rarefaction, where the particles are crowded together or spread apart, respectively.
In a transverse wave, the particles of the medium move perpendicular to the direction of the wave propagation. This creates regions of crest and trough, where the particles are at a maximum displacement or minimum displacement, respectively.
By examining the graph of the wave, we can determine whether the wave is longitudinal or transverse by looking at the direction of the oscillation. In a longitudinal wave, the oscillation is along the same axis as the direction of wave propagation, whereas in a transverse wave, the oscillation is perpendicular to the direction of wave propagation. Therefore, if the graph shows the amplitude changing along the same axis as the variable being studied (e.g. time or distance), it is likely a longitudinal wave. If the graph shows the amplitude changing perpendicular to the axis being studied, it is likely a transverse wave.