- Photosynthesis: In plants, energy from sunlight is absorbed by chlorophyll and converted into chemical energy through photosynthesis. This energy is stored in the form of glucose, which is used by the plant as a source of fuel.
- Cellular respiration: Both plants and animals use cellular respiration to convert glucose into ATP, a molecule that provides energy for various biological processes. During cellular respiration, glucose is broken down into carbon dioxide and water, releasing energy in the process.
- Food chains: In an ecosystem, energy is transferred from one organism to another through food chains. Producers (plants) convert sunlight into chemical energy, which is then consumed by herbivores (animals that eat plants). Carnivores (animals that eat other animals) consume herbivores, and so on.
- Heat transfer: Heat energy is also transferred between organisms through processes such as conduction, convection, and radiation. For example, animals that live in cold environments may have adaptations that help them conserve heat, such as thick fur or a layer of blubber.
- Metabolism: Energy is also transferred within an organism through metabolic processes. Cells use enzymes to catalyze reactions that convert one molecule into another, releasing energy in the process.
Overall, energy transfer within and between organisms is a complex process that involves many different biological mechanisms. These mechanisms allow living organisms to obtain and utilize the energy they need to survive and carry out their biological functions.
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